2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (syn: 2,4-D) is plant growth regulator and synthetic auxin.  It is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).  As an agricultural phenoxy herbicide, it has been commercially available since 1945 and is an active ingredient in over 1,500 herbicide products used to control dicots.  In plant research, it is used as a supplement in plant culture media to induce callus.

2,4-D is soluble in organic solvents, but practically insoluble in water.

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Cas Number: 94-75-7

Molecular Formula: C₈H₆Cl₂O₃

Molecular Weight: 221.04

Mechanism of Action: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mimics the action of the plant growth regulator auxin, and when used as a herbicide, results in uncontrolled growth and eventually death in susceptible plants. It is commonly used in plant tissue culture as a plant growth regulator.

Plant Biology Applications:

2,4-D is the most commonly used plant growth regulator in tissue culture of cereals.  In mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L), 2,4-D was used to induce callus from seeds at an optimal concentration of 3.5 mg/L (Malik et al, 2004).

2,4-D was used in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) tissue culture to induce callus initiation and regeneration of plantlets from mature caryopses and young seedlings.  Best results from mature caryopses were obtained with 11.3-45 µM 2,4-D in combination with 15 or 45 µM benzyladenine  (Denchev and Conger, 1995).