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DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM SALT (36,000-50,000 M.Wt.) Colitis Grade

nr kat.: 0216011080
Opakowanie: 100 g
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Producent: MP Biomedicals
nr kat.: 0216011080

Opis

MP Premium DSS - The World's Most Potent Intestinal Inflammation Reagent

36,000-50,000 M.Wt.

Soluble in water (100 mg/mL - clear to slightly hazy yellow solution).

Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS) is a polyanionic derivative of Dextran. MP Premium DSS is offered at the highest quality, purity and reproducible form which enable it for multiple applications in clinical, molecular biology, biomedical and possibly for cosmetic applications.

Applications
Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) which has proven to have versatile value in Biomedical/clinical research. DSS can be used to study Colitis (Inflammatory Bowel disease) as well as an antiviral as agent.

MP Premium Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt has the following properties:
•    Water soluble polyanion
•    Forms a clear solution and mimics natural mucopolysaccharides
•    High purity and good stability
•    Readily degradable by ecological systems
•    Acts as a stabilizer to sensitive natural ingredients

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract which is associated with increased risk of developing colitis-associated cancer. Several animal models have been used to study colitis and one such model involves the oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in the drinking water of mice leading to chronic colitis. This DSS induced colitis model is spontaneous and is used to assess the therapeutic potential of treatments for IBD.

Accelerate your IBD research with the most validated and attested Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt. Our MP Premium DSS is well characterized and offers the following advantages:
•    Highest sulfur content : 19%
•    Highest chirality : +104° of specific rotation
•    Lowest pH : 6.2 at 1% solution

BEST RESULTS!
Bamba et al (2012) performed a comparative analysis of 3 different DSS preparations to examine the chemical and cytotoxic properties as well as severity of colitis. Their study concluded that the DSS from MP Biomedicals induced a severe colitis as indicated by body weight transition, DAI score, colon weight/length and histological scores.


 
Bamba, S. et al (2012) Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 57 (2), pp. 327-334.
 
1) Zhou, M., Wang, Z., Chen, J., Zhan, Y., Wang, T., Xia, L., Wang, S., Hua, Z., Zhang, J. Supplementation of the diet with Salecan attenuates the symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice (2014) British Journal of Nutrition, 111 (10), pp. 1822-1829.
2) Felgines, C., Fraisse, D., Besson, C., Vasson, M.-P., Texier, O. Bioavailability of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) polyphenols in rats: Impact of colonic inflammation (2014) British Journal of Nutrition, 111 (10), pp. 1773-1781.
3) Weiss, G.A., Chassard, C., Hennet, T. Selective proliferation of intestinal Barnesiella under fucosyllactose supplementation in mice (2014) British Journal of Nutrition, 111 (9), pp. 1602-1610.
4) Zhang, C., Monk, J.M., Lu, J.T., Zarepoor, L., Wu, W., Liu, R., Pauls, K.P., Wood, G.A., Robinson, L., Tsao, R., Power, K.A. Cooked navy and black bean diets improve biomarkers of colon health and reduce inflammation during colitis (2014) British Journal of Nutrition, 111 (9), pp. 1549-1563.
5 )Terc, J., Hansen, A., Alston, L., Hirota, S.A. Pregnane X receptor agonists enhance intestinal epithelial wound healing and repair of the intestinal barrier following the induction of experimental colitis (2014) European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55 (1), pp. 12-19.
6) Lin, X., Yi, Z., Diao, J., Shao, M., Zhao, L., Cai, H., Fan, Q., Yao, X., Sun, X. ShaoYao decoction ameliorates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (2014) Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, p. 105. Article in Press.
7) Shaker, A., Gargus, M., Fink, J., Binkley, J., Darwech, I., Swietlicki, E., Levin, M.S., Rubin, D.C. Epimorphin -/- mice are protected, in part, from acute colitis via decreased interleukin 6 signaling (2014) Translational Research, . Article in Press.
8) Kasinathan, N.K., Subramaniya, B.R., Pandian, I., Sivasithamparam, N.D. Aegle marmelos fruit extract abates dextran sodium sulfate induced acute colitis in mice: Repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines during colonic inflammation (2014) Biomedicine and Preventive Nutrition, . Article in Press.
9) Zhang, M., Khripin, C.Y., Fagan, J.A., McPhie, P., Ito, Y., Zheng, M. Single-step total fractionation of single-wall carbon nanotubes by countercurrent chromatography (2014) Analytical Chemistry, 86 (8), pp. 3980-3984.
10) Ranganathan, P., Jayakumar, C., Li, D.Y., Ramesh, G. UNC5B receptor deletion exacerbates DSS-induced colitis in mice by increasing epithelial cell apoptosis (2014) Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, . Article in Press.
11) Kusunoki, Y., Ikarashi, N., Hayakawa, Y., Ishii, M., Kon, R., Ochiai, W., Machida, Y., Sugiyama, K. Hepatic early inflammation induces downregulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 expression and metabolic activity in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis (2014) European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 54 (1), pp. 17-27.
12) Benson, J.R., Xu, J., Moynes, D.M., Lapointe, T.K., Altier, C., Vanner, S.J., Lomax, A.E. Sustained neurochemical plasticity in central terminals of mouse DRG neurons following colitis (2014) Cell and Tissue Research, . Article in Press.
13) Fitzpatrick, L.R., Stonesifer, E., Small, J.S., Liby, K.T. The synthetic triterpenoid (CDDO-Im) inhibits STAT3, as well as IL-17, and improves DSS-induced colitis in mice (2014) Inflammopharmacology, . Article in Press.
14) Matsumoto, H., Haga, K., Ohno, I., Hiraoka, K., Kimura, T., Hermann, K., Kasahara, N., Anton, P., McGowan, I. Mucosal gene therapy using a pseudotyped lentivirus vector encoding murine interleukin-10 (mIL-10) suppresses the development and relapse of experimental murine colitis (2014) Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, p. 68. Article in Press.
15) Ding, Y., Liang, Y., Deng, B., Qiao, A., Wu, K., Xiao, W., Gong, W. Induction of TGF-β and IL-10 production in dendritic cells using astilbin to inhibit dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis (2014) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 446 (2), pp. 529-534.
16) Rabbi, M.F., Labis, B., Metz-Boutigue, M.-H., Bernstein, C.N., Ghia, J.-E. Catestatin decreases macrophage function in two mouse models of experimental colitis (2014) Biochemical Pharmacology, . Article in Press.
17) Nakamura, M., Tahara, Y., Murakami, T., Iijima, S., Yudasaka, M. Gastrointestinal actions of orally-administered single-walled carbon nanohorns (2014) Carbon, 69, pp. 409-416.
18) Maillard, M.H., Bega, H., Uhlig, H.H., Barnich, N., Grandjean, T., Chamaillard, M., Michetti, P., Velin, D. Toll-interacting protein modulates colitis susceptibility in mice (2014) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 20 (4), pp. 660-670.
19) Wuensch, T., Ullrich, S., Schulz, S., Chamaillard, M., Schaltenberg, N., Rath, E., Goebel, U., Sartor, R.B., Prager, M., Büning, C., Bugert, P., Witt, H., Haller, D., Daniel, H. Colonic expression of the peptide transporter PEPT1 is downregulated during intestinal inflammation and is not required for NOD2-dependent immune activation (2014) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 20 (4), pp. 671-684.
20) Bel, S., Elkis, Y., Elifantz, H., Koren, O., Ben-Hamo, R., Lerer-Goldshtein, T., Rahimi, R., Horin, S.B., Nyska, A., Shpungin, S., Nir, U. Reprogrammed and transmissible intestinal microbiota confer diminished susceptibility to induced colitis in TMF-/- mice (2014) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111 (13), pp. 4964-4969.

Table 1. Dosage of DSS for different strains of mice


Strain

Dose (days)

Reference

C57BL/6

2.5% (8)

1

Wild-type C57BL/6J(m)

3% (6)

2

C57BL/6 AhR null, WT

3.5% (7)

3

C57BL/6

5% (7)

4

C57BL/6

1.5% (7)

5

Balb/c

1% (10)

6

Balb/c

3% (5)

7

BALB/c

1-5% (10)

8

BALB/c; NMRI/KI

2.5-5%

9

IL-5-/- and +/+

2.9%, 5% (9)

10

Balb/c; athymic nu/nu CD-1 (BR)

5% (7-35)

11

WT; CCR9(-/-); CCL25 (-/-)

2% (7)

12

Wild-type; DPIV -/-

2% (6)

13

C57BL//6

5% (7)

14

 

1. Q. Jia, I.Ivanov, Z.Zlatev, et al., Dietary _sh oil and curcumin combine to modulate colonic cytokinetics and gene expression in dextran sulfate sodium treated mice, Br.J.Nutr., 2011;106(4),519-9.
2. A.L. Thiess,H.Laroui, T.S.Obertone et al, Nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery of prohibitin to the colonic epithelial cells ameliorates acute murine colitis, In_amm.Bowel Dis.,2011;17(5), 1163-76.
3. R.Arsenescu, V.Arsenescu, J.Zhong et al, Role of xenobiotic receptor in in_ammatory bowel disease, In_amm.Bowel Dis.,2011;17(5), 1149-2.
4. N.A.Nagalingham, J.Y.Kao, V.B.Young, Microbial ecology of the murine gut associated with the development of dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis, In_amm, Bowel Disease, 2011; 7(4), 917-26.
5. J.Ramakers, M.I.Verstege, G.Thuijls et al., The PPARy agonist Rosiglitazone impairs colonic in_ammation in mice with experimental colitis, J.Clin.Immunol., 2007;27(3),275-283.
6. R.Pal_y, R.Gardlik,M.Behuliak et al,Salmonella-mediated gene therapy in experimental colitis in mice, Ex.Biol.Med.,2011; 236(2), 177-83.
7. Y.Shiomi, S.Nishiumi,M.Ooi et al., GCMS-based metabolomic study in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium, In_amm. Bowel Dis. 2011;17(11), 2261-74.
8. T.Rochat, L.Bermudez-Humaran, J-J Gratadoux et al., Anti-infammatory efects of Lactobacillus casei BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependent catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice, Microb. CellFact., 2007; 20(6), 22.
9. A-C.Bylund-Fellenius, E.Landström, L.G.Axelsson et al., Experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate in normal and germfree mice, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 1994: 7, 207-215.
10. L.Stevceva, P.Pavli, A.Husband et al., Eosinophilia is attenuated in experimental colitis induced in IL-5 deficient mice, Genes Immun., 2000; 1(3),213-8.
11. L.G.Axelsson, E.Landström and A.C.Bylund-Fellenius, Experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice: Beneficial effects of sulphasalazine and olsalazine, Aliment. Pharmacol.Ther., 1998;12(9), 925-34.
12. M.A. Wurbel, M.G.McIntyre, P.Dwyer, et al., CCL25/CCR9 interactions regulate large intestinal inflammation in a murine model of acute colitis, PLoS One, 2011; 6(1), e16442.
13. R.Yazbeck, G.S.Howard, R.N.Butler et al., Biochemical and histological changes in the small intestine of mice with dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis, J.Cell Physiol., 2011; 226(12), 319-24.
14. 26. G.K.Kumar, R.Dhamotharan. N.M. Kulkarni, Embelin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice, Int. Immunopharmacol., 2011. E

Table 2. Dosage of DSS for different strains of rats

Strain

Dose (days)

Reference

Wistar

2% (2 weeks â€" 6 months)

15

Sprague-Dawley

5% (9)

16, 17, 18

Sprague-Dawley

5% (6)

19

Sprague-Dawley

5% (7)

20

Wistar

2.5% (7)

21

Wistar

5% (10)

22

Wistar

2-4% (7)

23

ACI

5% (14)

24

 

15. T.Tamaru, H.Kobayashi, S.Kishimoto et al., Histochemical study of colonic cancer in experimental colitis in rats, Dig. Dis. Sci., 1993;38, 529-537.
16. O.Schreiber, J.Petersson, M.Phillipson et al., Lactobacillus reuteri prevents colitis by reducing P-selectin associated leukocyte and platelet-endothelial cells, Am.J.Physiol.Gastrointest.Liver, 2009; 296, G534-542.
17. J.Dicksved, O.Schreiber, B.Willing, et al., Lactobacillus reuteri maintains a functional mucosal barrier during DSS treatment despite mucus layer dysfunction. PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e46399.
18. J.Petersson, O.Schreiber, A.Steege et al., eNOS involved incolitis-induced mucosal blood flow increase, Am.J.Physiol.Gastrointest.Liver, 2007; 293, G1281-1287.
19. V.Vasina, M.Broccoli, M.G.Ursino et al., Non-peptidyl low molecular weight radical scavenger IAC attenuates DSS-induced colitis in rats. World J.Gastroenterol., 2010; 16(29), 3642-50.
20. X.Z.Shi, J.H.Winston and S.K.Sarna, Differential immune and genetic responses in rat models of Chrohn´s colitis and ulcerative colitis, Am.J.Physiol.Gastrointest.Liver Physiol., 2011; 300(1), G41-51.
21. I.Hirono, K.Kuhara, S.Hosaka et al., Induction of intestinal tumors in rats by dextran sulfate sodium. J.Natl.Cancer Inst, 1981;66(3)579-583.
22. R.Lopez-Posadeas, P.Requena, R.Gonzalez et al., Bovine glucomacropeptide has intestinal anti-in_ammatory e_ects in rats with dextran-sulfate induced colitis, J.Nutr., 2010; 140(11), 2014-2019.
23. T.Shimizu, M.Suzuki, J.Fujimura et al., The relationship between the concentration of dextran sodium sulfate and the degree of induced experimental colitis in weanling rats, J.Pediatric Gastro. Nutrition, 2003;37, 481-486.
24. I.Hirono, K.Kuhara, S.Hosaka et al., Induction of intestinal tumors in rats by dextran sulfate sodium. J.Natl.Cancer Inst, 1981;66(3)579-483.
 
Table 3. Dosage of DSS for other animals

Strain

Dose (days)

Reference

Hamster

2.5%(6)

25

Hamster

1%

26, 17, 18

Guinea Pig

3% (4)

27

Pig (Yorkshire)

1.25 g/kg BW(5)

28

 

25. A.Karlsson, A.Jägervall, M.Pettersson et al., Dextran sulphate sodium induces acute colitis and alters hepatic function in hamsters, Int. Immunopharmacol., 2008;8(1),20-27.
26. M.Yamada, T.Ohkusa and I.Ohkusa, Occurence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma after experimental ulcerative colitis in hamsters induced by dextran sodium sulfate, Gut, 1992; 33, 1521-1527.
27. T.Iwanaga, O.Hoshi, H.Han et al., Morphological analysis of acute ulcerous colitis experimentally induced by dextran sulfate sodium in the guinea pig, J. Gastroenterol., 1994;430-438.
28. D.Young, M.Ibuki, T.Nakamori et al., Soy-derived di-and tripeptides alleviate colon and ileum inflammation in pigs with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, J.Nutr., 2012;142(2), 363-8.

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