Kanamycin Sulfate USP

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Kanamycin, USP is an aminoglycoside antibiotic often used to select for bacteria which have been successfully transformed with a plasmid conferring kanamycin resistance.

Standard grade kanamycin is composed of a mixture of three different fractions: kanamycin A, B, and C.  TOKU-E offers four forms of kanamycin:

• kanamycin sulfate (K008)
• kanamycin acid sulphate (K004)
• kanamycin A sulfate, EvoPure® (K013)
• kanamycin B sulfate, EvoPure® (K014)

EvoPure® products are purified single antibiotic fractions, most >99% pure. High purity EvoPure® kanamycin products can be used to analyze the specific effects of individual kanamycin fractions.
Mechanism of Action

Aminoglycosides target the 30S ribosomal subunit resulting in an inability to read mRNA ultimately producing a faulty or nonexistent protein. Kanamycin is very soluble in aqueous solution at 92.3 mg/mL.

Spectrum
Kanamycin sulfate is a broad spectrum antibiotic but is most active against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.

Microbiology Applications
Kanamycin sulfate is commonly used as a selective agent to select for resistant mammalian, fungal, or bacterial cells that contain the kanMX marker or other kanamycin resistance genes.

Pryjma, et al. from the University of British Columbia used TOKU-E kanamycin sulfate to select for transformed kanamycin resistant Campylobacter jejuni cells: "FdhTU-Modulated Formate Dehydrogenase Expression and Electron Donor Availability Enhance Recovery of Campylobacter jejuni following Host Cell Infection"

Media Supplements
Kanamycin can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media:

Kanamycin Aesculin Azide Agar - Enterococci isolation in food

Perfringens Agar - SFP and TSC selective supplements for the isolation of Clostridium perfringens
    
Plant Biology Applications
Kanamycin is often used in the Agrobacterium mediated transformation while using the npt II gene as selection marker. Kaur and Bansal (2010) used kanamycin in combination with cefotaxime to control bacterial growth while transforming tomato.
    
References
Davis, Bernard D. "Mechanism of Bactericidal Action of Aminoglycosides."Microbiological Reviews 51.3 (1987): 341-50.
United States. National Institutes of Health. Kanamycin Compound Summary. PubChem. Web. 21 Aug. 2012.