Vancomycin Hydrochloride, USP

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Vancomycin HCl, USP is a bactericidal glycopeptide antibiotic and has been used to treat infections caused by multi drug resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Vancomycin HCl, USP is freely soluble in water.

Mechanism of Action
Vancomycin prevents peptidoglycan synthesis by two separate mechanisms. One mechanism prevents N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) from linking together forming the peptidoglycan backbone. The second mechanism prevents crosslinking between amino acid residues in the peptidoglycan chain.

Spectrum
Vancomycin inhibits growth of many Gram positive bacteria including the antibiotic resistant superbug, MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Vancomcyin is effective for treating MRSA infections because it inhibits cell wall synthesis through a different mechanism than β-lactam antibiotics.

CAS Number: 1404-93-9

Molecular Formula: C66H75Cl2N9O24 · HCl

Molecular Weight: 1485.71 

Purity Level: >80%

Impurity Profile
- Vancomycin B: Not less than 85%
- Any Individual Impurity: Not more than 5.0%

Source: Streptomyces orientalis

Water Content (Karl Fisher): Not more than 5.0%

pH: 2.5 - 4.5

Storage Conditions: 2-8°C, protect from light

Assay: (Dried Basis): Not less than 900 μg/mg

Identification: IR - Conforms

Plant Biology Applications

Vancomycin is often used in Agrobacterium mediated transformations to control bacterial growth and shows a synergistic effect when used in combination with cefotaxime. Vancomycin does not appear to have any negative effects on plants; however, a study by Silva and Fukai (2001) observed a lower transformation efficiency when >500 µg/ml was used.

Microbiology Applications

Vancomycin HCl, USP is commonly used in selective media for isolation of Gram-negative pathogens including Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.  superbug vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) detection. Representative MIC values include:
• Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 0.25 µg/mL - 2 µg/mL
• Clostridium difficile 0.06 µg/mL - 4 µg/mL
• For a complete list of vancomycin HCl MIC values, click here.

Pryjma et al. used TOKU-E vancomycin in Mueller Hinton (MH) medium to isolate Campylobacter jejuni: "FdhTU-Modulated Formate Dehydrogenase Expression and Electron Donor Availability Enhance Recovery of Campylobacter jejuni following Host Cell Infection"

Media Supplements

• Brucella medium - Brucella selective supplement
• Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacter selective supplement (Skirrow)
• Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacterselective supplement (Blaser-Wang)
• Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of Gram-negative anaerobes
• Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella MWY Selective Supplement
• Columbia Blood Agar - Helicobacter pylori Selective Supplement (Dent)
• Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPC Selective Supplement
• Campylobacter Agar - Campylobacter Selective Supplement (Karmali)
• Bolton Broth - Bolton Broth Selective Supplement
• VRE Medium - VRE Selective Supplement
• mTSB - VCC Selective Supplement
• Campylobacter Agar Base - Modified Karmali Selective Supplement
• Bolton Broth - Modified Bolton Broth Selective Supplement
• Brucella Medium Base - Modified Brucella Selective Supplement
• Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPN Selective Supplement

References

1. Courvalin, Patrice. "Vancomycin Resistance in Gram-Positive Cocci." Oxford Journals(2006): 25-34. Clinical Infectious Diseaes. Web. 21 Aug. 2012.
2. Pollock, H.M., Holt J., and Murray C., Comparison of susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to cefemenoxime, ceftriaxone and other antimicrobial compounds, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., Vol. 23, pp.780-783, 1983
3. Silva J.A. and Fukai S., The impact of carbenicillin, cefotaxime and vancomycin on chrysanthemum and tobacco TCL morphogenesis and Agrobacterium growth, J. Appl. Hort., Vol. 3(1), pp. 3-12, 2001.
4. Joshi, S., Ray, P., Manchanda, V., Bajaj, J., Chitnis, D. S., Gautam, V., &...Balaji, V. (2013). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India: Prevalence & susceptibility pattern. Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 137(2), 363-369